| 1 | Inflow cap 90% | At most 90% of cycle inflow paid out; vault retains ≥10% as principal growth |
| 2 | Backstop ceiling 8% | Never more than 8% of vault balance per cycle (defence-in-depth) |
| 3 | One dist per cycle | No catch-up on missed distributions |
| 4 | Liveness check | Skip if chain stalled for 2+ hours |
| 5 | Min threshold | Skip if distribution < 0.0001 VELD |
| 6 | Concentration cap 75% | No staker receives > 75% of any cycle; excess stays in vault |
| 7 | Post-emission inheritance | Vault principal accumulated during emission era funds stakers from fees alone after year ~38 |